Learn how to use antonyms
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HungarianPod101.com. This is Upper Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 25 - How Important is Education in Hungary? Eric here. |
| Lena: Hello. It’s Lena. |
| Eric: In this last lesson of the series, you’ll learn about word antonyms and their meanings in Hungarian. The conversation takes place at an office. |
| Lena: It's between Tom and Reka. |
| Eric: The speakers are co-workers, so they will use informal Hungarian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Réka: Mennyi időd van még hátra az egyetemből? |
| Tom: Nem kevesebb, mint három félév. |
| Réka: Uh, nem tudom hogy bírod, nekem az érettségi is sok volt... |
| Tom: Most nehéz, de én személy szerint úgy gondolom, a tanulás a legjobb befektetés. |
| Réka: Én inkább dolgozok és pénzt keresek, minthogy össze-vissza ingázzak a suli meg a munkahely között. |
| Tom: Néha tényleg úgy érzem, hogy jobbra-balra futkosok, de kezdem megszokni. |
| Réka: Már a felét túlélted. Nem gondolod, hogy csak az idődet vesztegeted? |
| Tom: Éppen ellenkezőleg! Időt nyerek... Én hamar fogok sok pénzt keresni! |
| Réka: Haha, én meg majd keresek egy gazdag pasit, aki majd eltart! |
| Tom: És te akkor mit fogsz csinálni? |
| Réka: Majd számolom a pénzt! |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Reka: How much time do you have left at university? |
| Tom: No less than three semesters. |
| Reka: Wow, I don't know how you can do it... I felt that even a high school diploma was too much... |
| Tom: It is difficult now, but personally I think that learning is the best investment. |
| Reka: I would rather work and earn money than go back and forth between school and work. |
| Tom: Sometimes I really feel that I'm running around, but I'm getting used to it. |
| Reka: You've already survived half of it. Don't you think that you're wasting your time? |
| Tom: On the contrary! I'm saving time. I will earn a lot of money quickly! |
| Reka: (Laughing) And I will look for a rich guy who will earn money for me! |
| Tom: And what are you going to do then? |
| Reka: I'll count the money! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Nowadays, in every nation, women are slowly integrating into the world of business. Lena, what about in Hungary? |
| Lena: In Hungary, laws protect women with small children, and encourage women to get back and stay active at work. Women have the right to take 4 months of maternity leave, and up to 3 years without pay. |
| Eric: During these years, the employer can't terminate the contract and has to accept the mother when she comes back? |
| Lena: Right. Even though these laws are protecting working mothers, many women don't want or can't go back to work. |
| Eric: I see, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Lena: hátra van [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to be left |
| Lena: hátra van[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: hátra van[natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: befektetés [natural native speed] |
| Eric: investment |
| Lena: befektetés [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: befektetés [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: minthogy [natural native speed] |
| Eric: rather than |
| Lena: minthogy [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: minthogy [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: ingázik [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to commute |
| Lena: ingázik [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: ingázik [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: futkos [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to run around |
| Lena: futkos [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: futkos [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: veszteget [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to waste |
| Lena: veszteget [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: veszteget [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: ellenkezőleg [natural native speed] |
| Eric: on the contrary |
| Lena: ellenkezőleg [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: ellenkezőleg [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Lena: össze-vissza [natural native speed] |
| Eric: back and forth |
| Lena: össze-vissza [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: össze-vissza [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Lena: Jobbra-balra futkos |
| Eric: Which means “to run around” |
| Lena: Futkos is a verb that comes from fut meaning “to run”. Futkos means “to rush” or “to run about”. You can also use the synonym futkároz. Jobbra-balra means “to the right,” or “to the left”. Jobbra-balra futkos. |
| Eric: You can use this expression to describe a person who is running around without stopping. Lena, can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Lena: Sure. For example, you can say... Egész nap jobbra-balra futkosok. |
| Eric: ..which means “I'm running around all day.” Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Lena: Vesztegeti az idejét. |
| Eric: Which means “to waste one's time” |
| Lena: The verb veszteget means “to waste”. It comes from veszt which means “to lose”. You can also use veszteget in other expressions. For example…vesztegeti a pénzét. |
| Eric: Which means “to waste one's money” |
| Lena: Or vesztegeti az erejét. |
| Eric: “To waste one's energy”. Lena, can you give us an example using our phrase? |
| Lena: For example... A videojátékokra vesztegeti a drága idejét. |
| Eric: .. which means “He/she is wasting his/her precious time on video games.” Okay, what's the last phrase? |
| Lena: össze-vissza ingázik |
| Eric: Which means “to go back and forth” |
| Lena: The verb ingázik means “to commute”. Össze-vissza means “back and forth”, or implies “in a mess”. For example...Össze-vissza ingázok a város és vidék között. |
| Eric: “I'm going back and forth between the city and the countryside.” |
| Lena: You can use össze-vissza in a variety of contexts. |
| Eric: Can you give us some examples? |
| Lena: For example...össze-vissza beszél. |
| Eric: Which means “to talk nonsense”. |
| Lena: össze-vissza szaladgál |
| Eric: “To run up and down” |
| Lena: össze-vissza hazudozik |
| Eric: This means “to lie continuously”. Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about word antonyms and their meanings in Hungarian. Word antonyms are used in a variety of contexts, but most frequently in everyday conversations. |
| Lena: Although there is no general rule about how to form these antonyms, you can easily form antonyms from prefixes like ki-be |
| Eric: ..which means “in and out” |
| Lena: and fel-le |
| Eric: “up and down”. Let’s see an overview of the most important antonyms in Hungarian! The first group is prefix-antonyms. The first one is… |
| Lena: össze-vissza |
| Eric: Which means “in a mess,” or “randomly”. Lena, can you give us some sample sentences? |
| Lena: Sure. For example...Össze-vissza beszél. |
| Eric: “He is talking nonsense.” |
| Lena: Össze-vissza futkosok egész nap. |
| Eric: “I’m running back and forth all day.” Ok! What's the next one? |
| Lena: Előre-hátra, which means “back and forth”. For example...Előre-hátra ringatja a hintát. |
| Eric: This means “He/she is swinging back and forth.” |
| Lena: Another example is...Előre-hátra ugrál. |
| Eric: “He/She is jumping back and forth.” |
| Lena: The next antonyms are..ide-oda. |
| Eric: Which means “here and there”. For example, you can say... |
| Lena: Ide-oda szaladgál. |
| Eric: “He/She is running here and there.” |
| Lena: Ide-oda megyek esténként. |
| Eric: “In the evenings, I’m going here and there.” OK, The second group includes verb antonyms. For example.. |
| Lena: Jön-megy, which means “come and go,” or “to go back and forth”. |
| Eric: Lena, can you give us sample sentences? |
| Lena: For example...Jönnek-mennek a turisták nyáron. |
| Eric: “Tourists come and go in summer.” |
| Lena: Anyukám jön-megy egész nap. |
| Eric: “My mother goes back and forth all day”. What are the next verb-antonyms? |
| Lena: Él-hal which means “to be fan of something,” “to love,” “to die for”. For example..A lányom él-hal a sültkrumpliért. |
| Eric: “My daughter loves french fries.” |
| Lena: Élek-halok a csokiért. |
| Eric: “I’m dying for chocolate.” The next one is... |
| Lena: Sír-rí. |
| Eric: “To cry, to complain” |
| Lena: Folyton sír-rí, hogy nincs elég pénze. |
| Eric: “He/She is always complaining about not having enough money.” |
| Lena: A gyerekek sírtak-rítak a félelemtől. |
| Eric: “The children were crying of fear.” The next group is noun-antonyms. For example... |
| Lena: Keze-lába, which means “his/her hands and legs” . For example..Keze-lába remeg a félelemtől. |
| Eric: “His/her hands and legs are shaking of fear.” |
| Lena: Keze-lába átfagyott a nagy hidegben. |
| Eric: “His/her hands and legs were frozen in the cold.” What are the next noun antonyms? |
| Lena: Adás-vétel. |
| Eric: This means “sale and purchase”. Lena, can you give us some sample sentences? |
| Lena: Aláírták az adás-vételit. |
| Eric: “They signed the sales agreement.” |
| Lena: Itt adás-vétellel is foglalkoznak. |
| Eric: “They also do sale and purchase.” And the last group for this lesson includes adjectives and adverbs. For example.. |
| Lena: Híres-neves, which means “very famous”. For example, you can say... Ő a híres-neves vőlegény. |
| Eric: “He’s the famous fiancé.” |
| Lena: Ez az a híres-neves kínai étterem! |
| Eric: “This is the very famous Chinese restaurant!” |
| Lena: Another example is...többé-kevésbé, “more or less”. For example...Többé-kevésbé egyetértek. |
| Eric: “I agree more or less.” |
| Lena: Ez a kettő többé-kevésbé ugyanaz. |
| Eric: “These two are more or less the same.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson and this series. Thank you for listening, everyone. If you have any questions or comments about this series, please leave us a post at HungarianPod101.com. And we’ll see you in another series! Bye! |
| Lena: Viszontlátásra! |
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