Learn how to use relative and demonstrative pronouns
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HungarianPod101.com. This is Upper Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 22 - Have You Bought a Defective Hungarian Product? Eric here. |
| Lena: Hello. I'm Lena. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use relative and demonstrative pronouns in Hungarian. The conversation takes place at a department store. |
| Lena: It's between Tom and a salesperson. |
| Eric: The speakers are strangers, so they will use formal Hungarian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
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| Tom: Segítene végre valaki? Már több, mint fél órája várok. |
| Eladó: Elnézést kérek, szombaton mindig ekkora a forgalom. Miben segíthetek? |
| Tom: Tegnap vettem ezt a kávéfőzőt, de a víztartály folyik. |
| Eladó: Nem lehet, hogy túlságosan megtöltötte? |
| Tom: Ezt maga sem gondolja komolyan...Ez egy gyártási hiba, vagy a műanyag olcsó minőségű... |
| Eladó: Valószínűleg csak ez a darab hibás. Kicserélhetem önnek egy ugyanilyenre. |
| Tom: Szó sem lehet róla! Egy olyan márkát adjon, amelyik nem gyári hibás! Vagy térítsék vissza a vételárat! |
| Eladó: A garancia csak cserére érvényes. |
| Tom: Akkor hívja ide a felettesét! Az van a papírra írva feketén-fehéren, hogy visszafizetik! |
| Eladó: Kis türelmet, máris megnézem, mit tehetek. |
| Tom: Annyit várok, amennyit kell, de a pénzem nélkül nem megyek sehova! |
| Eladó: Fáradjon ezzel a blokkal a kettes pénztárhoz, és kérje a pénzvisszatérítést. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Tom: Will somebody help me? I've been waiting for more than half an hour. |
| Salesperson: I’m sorry, Saturday is always so busy. How can I help? |
| Tom: I bought this coffee maker yesterday, but the water tank leaks. |
| Salesperson: Maybe it is overfilled? |
| Tom: You can't be serious... This is a manufacturing defect or the cheap quality of the plastic. |
| Salesperson: This is probably the only product which has a defect. I can replace it with the same one. |
| Tom: No way! Give me a brand which is not defective! Or reimburse the purchase price! |
| Salesperson: The warranty is only valid for exchange. |
| Tom: Then call your manager! I have it in black and white that I get my money back! |
| Salesperson: Just a moment, I'll see what I can do. |
| Tom: I'll wait as long as I have to, but I'm not going anywhere without my money. |
| Salesperson: Take this ticket to cashier number two and ask for a refund. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Lena, it’s well-known that garbage and growing environmental issues are concerns every nation has to deal with. How are these questions being solved in Hungary? |
| Lena: Well...Hungarians still have to improve their way of handling garbage, since the majority doesn’t do any form of recycling. |
| Eric: Even paper recycling? |
| Lena: Paper recycling we do, and it is the most common kind of recycling in Hungary. Each year, schools organize competitions for collecting the biggest quantity of paper in town. Though there are collecting points for recyclables, it’s still not so convenient for everyone. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Lena: forgalom [natural native speed] |
| Eric: traffic, circulation |
| Lena: forgalom [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: forgalom [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: víztartály [natural native speed] |
| Eric: water tank |
| Lena: víztartály [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: víztartály [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: megtölt [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to fill up |
| Lena: megtölt [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: megtölt [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: gyártás [natural native speed] |
| Eric: manufacturing |
| Lena: gyártás [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: gyártás [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: műanyag [natural native speed] |
| Eric: plastic |
| Lena: műanyag [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: műanyag [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: minőség [natural native speed] |
| Eric: quality |
| Lena: minőség [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: minőség [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: visszatérít [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to reimburse |
| Lena: visszatérít [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: visszatérít [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: vételár [natural native speed] |
| Eric: purchase price |
| Lena: vételár [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: vételár [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Lena: garancia [natural native speed] |
| Eric: warranty |
| Lena: garancia [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: garancia [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Lena: pénzvisszatérítés [natural native speed] |
| Eric: money refund |
| Lena: pénzvisszatérítés [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Lena: pénzvisszatérítés [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Lena: Gyártási hiba |
| Eric: Which means “manufacturing defect” |
| Lena: Gyártási means “production,” or “manufacturing”. It comes from the verb gyárt which means “to produce”. Hiba means “defect,” “mistake,” or “error”. It is usually preceded by a noun with an -i ending referring to the origin of the mistake. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Lena: Sure. For example, you can say... A célunk a minőségi hibák kiküszöbölése. |
| Eric: ...which means “Our purpose is to clear out all defects of quality.” Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Lena: Olcsó minőségű műanyag. |
| Eric: Which means “cheap quality plastic”. |
| Lena: Műanyag means “plastic”. It is composed of mű |
| Eric: Which means “artificial”. |
| Lena: And anyag |
| Eric: ...which means “material”. |
| Lena: Műanyag. The next word in our phrase is... minőségű. It means “quality” and olcsó minőségű means “of cheap quality”. Olcsó minőségű műanyag. You can also just say minőségi to describe something which is of good quality. |
| Eric: Lena, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Lena: Sure. Ez a termék jó minőségű alapanyagokból készült. |
| Eric: .. which means “This product was made of good-quality materials.” Okay, what's the last phrase? |
| Lena: Visszatéríti a vételárat. |
| Eric: Which means “reimburse the purchase price”. |
| Lena: Vételár comes from the nouns vétel, which means “purchase”, and the word ár which means “price”. Vételárat. |
| Eric: Next we have the verb... |
| Lena: ..visszatérít. It is made up of the prefix vissza-, or “back”, and the verb térít which means “to turn,” or “to conduct”. For example...Visszatérítették az árát, mert hibás volt. |
| Eric: “They reimbursed the purchase price because it had a defect.” |
| Lena: A very well-known expression is észhez térít, |
| Eric: Which means to “talk sense into somebody”. Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use relative and demonstrative pronouns in Hungarian. |
| Lena: Eric, let’s start with relative pronouns! |
| Eric: Listeners, do you remember what the function of a relative pronouns is? Just like in English, relative pronouns, such as “who”, “which”, or “whose”, refer to a part of the sentence and at the same time act as connecting words between the main clause and the subordinate clause. For example... |
| Lena: Itt a személy, aki elmondta az igazságot. |
| Eric: “Here’s the person who told me the truth.” In English, if we deleted the first part of the main clause before “who” and replaced this pronoun with “person”, we would get a grammatically correct sentence. Let’s see what happens in Hungarian! |
| Lena: Let's take our sample sentence..Itt a személy, aki elmondta az igazságot. |
| Eric: “Here’s the person who told the truth.” |
| Lena: Just delete the words Itt and aki and you will get A személy elmondta az igazságot. |
| Eric: In English, this means “The person told the truth.” In Hungarian, the pronouns also take the same suffixes as the word they are referring to. |
| Lena: For example, let's take the relative pronoun ami, which means “what”. Here is a sample sentence...Ez az a táska, amit szeretnék. |
| Eric: Which means “This is the bag that I would like to buy.” |
| Lena: In this example, the pronoun ami took the suffix -t and became amit. Another example is...Ez az a film, amit meg akartam nézni. |
| Eric: Which means “This is the film that I wanted to see.” |
| Lena: Let's take another relative pronoun, amekkora |
| Eric: “How big” |
| Lena: Akkorát csinálok amekkorának lennie kell. |
| Eric: “I will make one as big as it has to be.” |
| Lena: In this example, amekkora became amekkorának by adding suffix -nak. Another example is...Akkorára csinálom, amekkorára szeretnéd. |
| Eric: “I will make it as big as you want.” |
| Lena: Here we changed amekkora to amekkorára by adding the suffix -ra |
| Eric: Listeners, you can find all the suffixes and more examples in the lesson notes, so please be sure to check them out. And our next grammar point is demonstrative pronouns. Demonstrative pronouns refer precisely to a specific word of the sentence. Alone, they can replace a noun, an adjective, a numeral, or an adverb. You can also answer a question with only one word using demonstrative pronouns. For example.. |
| Lena: Melyiket akarod? Ezt. |
| Eric: “Which one do you want? This one.” |
| Lena: Mekkora házban laktok? Ekkorában. |
| Eric: “How big of a house do you live in? This big.” |
| Lena: Mennyibe kerül? Ennyibe. |
| Eric: “How much is this? This much.” Often the sentence is only composed of a question word and a verb. In this case, the demonstrative pronoun takes the suffix of the question word. This will not change your answer. For example... |
| Lena: Melyiket akarod? Ezt. |
| Eric: “Which one do you want? This one.” |
| Lena: Or you can say...Melyik házat akarod? Ezt. |
| Eric: “Which house do you want? This one.” |
| Lena: Another example is...Mennyibe kerül? Ennyibe. |
| Eric: “How much is this? This much.” |
| Lena: Mennyi pénzbe kerül? Ennyibe |
| Eric: “How much money is this? This much.” Listeners, here’s a very important rule – The suffix cannot be put on the question word and the noun at the same time. |
| Lena: Right! That’s why the sentences Melyiket házat akarod? or Mennyibe pénzbe kerül? are NOT correct. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Lena: Viszontlátásra! |
Comments
HideLet us know if you have any questions.
Szia Derek!
Thank you for your comment, it's a great question.
“Amely” (plural: amelyek) functions basically the same as “ami” (plural: amik), as both are used to refer back to a noun. However, amely is more literary and formal, and it’s much less frequently used nowadays in spoken Hungarian - albeit preferred in written language. Most people will just use “ami” regardless.
I hope this helps.😇
Kellemes hétvégét!
Erika
Team HungarianPod101.com
Szia, tényleg nagyon érdekes ez a téma, jollehet nem túl egyszerű.
Szeretnék kérdest feltenni: Mi a külömbség "ami" és "amely" között? Mikor illik hasznalni az egziket, és mikor a másikat? Van szábaly ezzel kapcsolatban?
Köszöntettel:
Derek
Szia Szálmén!
I'm happy you'll give a try to these tips.❤️
Well, I used to work abroad and I was constantly asking the people around me to repeat what they said or to explain it - and I even asked them to correct me anytime if I happen to say something incorrectly (although I don't mind speaking sometimes incorrectly in foreign tongues, the point is we dare to speak! 😁).
So I think your surrounding we'll have no problem with it either - in fact, they'll be proud of you that you learn from them, I'm sure.
Regarding movies: I'd start to watch it with Hungarian subtitles, so the audio and text matches - however, if it is too hard, you can just change the text in English, you'll still learn from it.
Good luck! Tell me how it went.😊
Kellemes hétvégét!
Erika
Team HungarianPod101.com
Szia Erika!😊
I will follow your advice of the time frame. And if I don't understand well or they are fast for me do you think
I should stop them and insist they repeat or explain slowly?
For the movies in hungarian, do you mean they speak hungarian and the subtitles in hungarian or in English?
Kind regards😊
Szia Szálmen!
Wow, it is actually a huge advantage that you have native Hungarians around you.😎 I think it would be still useful if you were speaking Hungarian with them (or if they were with you:), how about setting a time frame (like half an hour, an hour?) when you all will only speak Hungarian. It could be something like a game. Because hearing authentic Hungarian helps a lot in my opinion, besides having the writing part which is useful too. And have you tried watching movies in Hungarian with subtitle?
Kind regards,
Erika
Team HungarianPod101.com
Hi 😊
I will try to write an example sentence with each pronouns! Thank you ! 😊
Do you think writing is effective to learn a language? Because I am actually trying the writing technique and I feel it is working well for me 😊 I feel the words stick better in the memory.
What do you think is the next step for someone who has an intermediate level to achieve an advanced or fluent level?
I do have native speakers around me but they are very fast for me 😁 so we speak English.
As an expert, what is the best approach to learn from natives?
Szia Szálmen!
Oh well, it is indeed a bigger topic BUT don't worry, it can really be mastered by practice!🤠
Coming up right after this lesson, there is an other useful table with pronouns: https://www.hungarianpod101.com/lesson/upper-intermediate-23-making-an-appointment-with-a-hungarian-dentist
Maybe you can try writing an example sentence with each pronouns...? This might help.
Have fun learning Hungarian and let us know if you have any questions!😎
Szép napot!
Erika
Team HungarianPod101.com
Hi 😊
Wow not easy these relative, demonstrative and personal pronouns 😅
Any tips on how to master them?